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The problem with losing weight is that you have to try to understand the
reason we gain weight in the first place, easier said than done!! Study: Atkins Shows Surprising Results Your Guide to Weight Loss.
FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! May 26, 2003
The results of the first randomized, controlled trial of the Atkins Diet have been published in the May 22, 2003, issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
The three-center study was led by Gary Foster, Ph.D., associate professor of psychiatry and clinical director of the Weight and Eating Disorders Program at the University of Pennsylvania; Samuel Klein, MD of Washington University in St. Louis; and James Hill, Ph.D. and Holly Wyatt, M.D. of the University of Colorado.
The study participants were comprised of 63 obese men and women who were 44 years of age and weighed an average of 216 pounds.
When compared to a conventional, high-carbohydrate, low-calorie approach, Atkins dieters lost twice as much weight at the third and sixth months of the study.
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In one year, the Atkins dieters had significantly greater increases in good cholesterol (HDL) and greater decreases in triglycerides.
All of the study participants met with a registered dietitian at the beginning of the study and again at 3, 6, and 12 months. Those in the Atkins group were given a copy of Dr. Atkins New Diet Revolution and asked to follow the diet as described. The conventional diet group was given instructional materials on a 1200-1500 calories/day (for women) or 1500-1800 calories/day (for men) diet that consisted of 60% carbohydrate 25% fat, and 15% protein based on the Food Guide Pyramid.
Additionally, the research from the University of Pennsylvania
suggests that low-carbohydrate diets may not be as harmful as
anticipated. "Larger and longer studies are needed to assess the
long-term safety and efficacy of low carbohydrate approaches in
the management of obesity.
These preliminary data suggest that weight losses will be comparable to conventional approaches over a 1 year period, but there may be some favorable effects of a low-carbohydrate approach in terms of triglycerides and HDL (good) cholesterol," Foster said.
More Reserach Needed
In order to further assess long-term safety issues, the National Institutes of Health is funding a five year study of low- and high-carbohydrate diets, for which Dr.
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Foster and colleagues are currently enrolling participants. "This larger study of 360 participants will help us more fully assess the benefits and risks of low-carbohydrate diets on bone mass, kidney function, arterial function and exercise tolerance," Foster said.
This study was funded through grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) General Clinical Research Centers at the University of Pennsylvania, Washington University and the University of Colorado.
Others who participated in the study at Penn were Brian McGuckin Ed.M, Research Coordinator; Philippe Szapary, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, and Daniel Rader, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine.
Leopard Photo Caption The participants following the Atkins diet lost an average of 14.7 pounds compared with 5.8 pounds in the conventional group at 3 months; 15.2 pounds versus 6.9 pounds at 6 months; and 9.5 versus 5.4 pounds at 12 months.
At 1 year, Atkins participants had greater increases in HDL cholesterol (18% vs. 3%) and greater reductions in triglycerides (-28% vs. 1%) than did those following a conventional diet. Neither group showed changes in LDL (bad) cholesterol at 1 year. Dr. Foster stated:
"...Widely recommend low carbohydrate approaches may be premature, but our initial findings suggest that such diets may not have the adverse effects that were anticipated."
"The real issue is whether low carbohydrate approaches help patients maintain their weight loss better than conventional approaches.
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It will also be important to determine whether the effects of the diet on cholesterol are the same during weight maintenance as they are they are during weight loss," he said.
Second Study Shows Similar Results
Another group of Penn faculty working at Philadelphia VA Medical Center reported similar findings in the New England Journal of Medicine. In their 6-month study, Frederick Samaha, MD, and colleagues, found that a low-carbohydrate diet was associated with greater weight losses, reductions in triglycerides, and improvements in insulin sensitivity compared to low-calorie, high-carbohydrate diet.
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